目的 基于文献，系统评价我国出院疾病诊断分类的编码质量。方法 计算机检索SINOMED(CBMdisc)、中国知网（CNKI）、维普数据库（VIP）、万方数据库，并辅以文献追溯的方法，收集2000-2014年间在国内公开发表的所有住院病历出院疾病编码错误率的文章。按纳入和排除标准筛选文献并评价其质量，采用描述性分析方法对编码质量进行定性系统评价。结果 纳入30篇文献中，19篇报道了总体编码错误率，研究对象为全部或大部分疾病10篇，仅针对特定种类或某专科疾病的文献9篇，编码错误率中位数分别是12.99%和20.41%，两者间差异无统计学意义，P＝0.121。编码错误率与时间无关但与研究样本量存在负相关关系，r_s＝-0.702,P＝0.001。16篇报道主要诊断编码错误率的文献中，8篇报道了主要诊断总错误率，11篇文献报道了主要诊断选择的错误率，错误率中位数分别为24.77%和5.17%。结论 我国编码质量水平总体上与现有标准仍存较大差距，政策制定者、医院管理者及病案编码人员应采取更有效措施来缩小差距，提高编码质量。

Objective Based on the literature review, this study aims to systematically measure the quality of coding of classify the disease diagnosis in our country. Methods A systematic review was carried out of studies comparing routine discharge statistics about an episode of hospital care with the original medical record. The published studies were searched in the SINOMED(CBMdisc)(2000 to 2014), CNKI (2000 to 2014), VIP (2000 to 2014) and WANFANG Database(2000 to 2014), to identify all the relevant literatures. All the studies included accorded to the given selection criteria. The quality of all included studies were accessed. Descriptive analyses for quantitative systematic review were undertaken. Additional comparisons of factors that could potentially introduce systematic variation in coding accuracy were also undertaken. Results Thirty studies were identified. 19 of 30 studies accessed the overall coding accuracy, of which 10 focused on all or a wide range of diseases and 9 on a limited range of diseases. The median coding error rate was 12.99% and 20.41% respectively, with no significant differences in coding accuracy over time or in the range of diseases being assessed (P>0.05), but were negatively related with sample size (r_s=-0.702, P=0.001).Conclusion The overall coding quality is relatively poor in China and there is still a wide gap between coding quality and exsisting standard. Specially policy-makers, planner and researchers need to recognize and account for the degree of inaccuracy in routine hospital information statistics. Further research is needed into methods of improving and maintaining coding accuracy.