Objective To learn annual inpatient service utilization situation and differences in aggregation of rural residents in different regions of China, and to analyze the factors that may affect their use of hospital services. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method to extract residents (New Rural Cooperative Medical System) NCMS hospital information system in 6 counties in 12 townships in 2014, and using Excel 2010 programming techniques to merge, screen, and get inpatient care of patients through using annual data and doing descriptive analysis. Results Rural residents annual number of hospitalization 1 time accounts for 70%; the per capita number of hospitalization time is between 1.5～2, and the number of use of hospital services with the increase number of hospitalization decreases gradually; the concentration index is about 0.2, which 0.29 is the highest concentration index, and the lowest was 0.12 in Huangzhong; averagely 25% of the population use about 45% of hospital services; inpatient service utilization volume of women is higher than men, from 46 to 60 years old and over 60 years old, accounting for about 20%. Conclusion The annual inpatient service utilization of rural residents in different parts is consistent with the overall distribution. Service use of the eastern and central aggregation is generally high, and the interior is insignificant. The western region is of relatively low aggregation, but the internal is of significant difference. Women inpatient service utilization is high, and people over 60 years old prefer high hospital use.