目的 探讨医务人员血源性职业暴露防护干预模式，降低职业暴露发生率。方法 分析影响医务人员血源性职业暴露防护行为的因素，从行为运作视角构建“人—机—环境”的防护干预模式，在4所医院应用并评价干预效果。结果 干预后的医务人员防护知识、防护态度、防护行为及医院科室安全环境得分高于干预前，锐器伤发生率从51.5%下降至40.4%（P＜0.05）。结论 该模式的应用能有效提高医务人员安全防护知识，转变防护态度，促进安全行为依从性，降低血源性职业暴露发生率。

Objective To build a prophylactic mode of blood-borne occupational exposure for medical staff in order to reduce the incidence of medical personnel’s blood-borne occupational exposure. Methods Analyzing the influence factors of prophylactic behavior for medical staff’s blood-borne occupational exposure with the structural equation model，then building a prophylactic mode of blood-borne occupational exposure for medical staff based on “Human-Machine-Environment” with introducing behavior operation management. In addition，prophylactic mode in 4 hospitals and the effect of them were evaluated. Results The scores of medical personnel’s knowledge，attitude，behavior about the prevention of blood-borne occupational exposure and hospitals’ department security environment after the intervention were higher than that of before interference，and the incidence rate of medical personnel’s sharp injury has decreased from 51.5% to 40.4%（P<0.05）. Conclusion The prophylactic model could effectively improve the medical staff’s safety knowledge，change protective attitude, promote security behavior compliance and decrease the incidence of exposure.