| 摘要: |
| 实验室对患者安全有重大的影响，因为所有诊断的80~90%是基于实验室检验作出的。据报道，实验室差错发生率为所有试验结果的0.012-0.6%。患者安全是一个管理问题，其可通过实施积极的系统来识别及监控质量故障得到提高。这可通过包括事件报告随后的根本原因分析的反应方法得到促进。这可导致识别及纠正该系统中方针及程序的不足之处。另一种方法是前瞻性方法，如失效模式和效应分析(或故障模式和影响分析)。本文的重点是整个检验过程，预测主要不良事件以及先发制人防止它们的发生。它可用于高风险过程的前瞻性的风险分析以减少实验室及其他患者医疗领域内出差错的可能性。 |
| 关键词: 患者安全 实验室差错 质量失效 事件报告 失效模式和效应分析 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Measurement of Errors in Clinical Laboratories |
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| Abstract: |
| Laboratories have a major impact on patient safety as 80–90 % of all the diagnosis are made on the basis of laboratory tests. Laboratory errors have a reported frequency of 0.012–0.6 % of all test results. Patient safety is a managerial issue which can be enhanced by implementing active system to identify and monitor quality failures. This can be facilitated by reactive method which includes incident reporting followed by root cause analysis. This leads to identification and correction of weaknesses in policies and procedures in the system. Another way is proactive method like Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. In this focus is on entire examination process, anticipating major adverse events and pre-emptively prevent them from occurring. It is used for prospective risk analysis of high-risk processes to reduce the chance of errors in the laboratory and other patient care areas. |
| Key words: patient safety,laboratory errors,quality failure,incident reporting,FMEA |
