目的 对某县基层医疗卫生机构基本药物制度实施现况进行调查研究，为基本药物制度的推进提供借鉴。方法 对某县19家基层医疗卫生机构进行问卷调查，并对相关负责人进行非结构式访谈。结果 基本药物制度实施后药品销售额下降、门急诊人次增加，次均门诊费、次均住院费等下降，政府对机构的补偿逐渐加大。结论 基本药物制度实施后，基层医疗卫生机构要加大对国家基本药物的配备和使用，医生要转变用药观念，政府要制定出一套对机构合理补偿的措施。

Objective To provide references for the implementation of essential medicines system through investigating the implementation of essential medicines system of the basic medical and health institutions. Methods Investigating 19 basic medical and health institutions by questionnaire，and making unstructured interview to persons in charge. Results After the implementation of essential medicines system，the sales of medicines hadve declined，outpatient visits and emergency patients have increased，the average cost of outpatient and hospitalization have declined，and the compensation from government had increased. Conclusion More essential medicines should be equipped by the basic medical and health institutions，conception of using medicines be changed，and appropriate compensation measures be established by the government.